Gollum Character Study Essay Example for Free

Analysing And Contrasting Two Poems Essay

The artist has portrayed the sound of the whistle as a tune, which gives us the impression of a sound, which is extremely well known to the laborers and a piece of their day by day schedules. â€Å"The song men and ladies fabricated lives around†. This gives us a picture of the laborers being extremely discontent with their Jobs since it referenced that they have manufactured lives around work. This suggests it is possible that they have been compelled to work or that they have no other choice to browse since they have needed to change their ways of life to adjust to their employments. The artist has contrasted the whistle with a sovereign honey bee by utilizing a comparison, â€Å"Sonorous as the sovereign bee’s fat murmur drawing laborers from the blossoms back to the colonized heart. † This is a generally excellent correlation since it shows how the whistle is like the sovereign honey bee. The whistles â€Å"Syncopation† awakens the laborers where as the â€Å"queen bee’s fat hum† calls the working honey bees from the blossoms and back to the bee sanctuary, which is additionally the working environment of the considerable number of individuals. The work environment is alluded to as the â€Å"colonized heart† in light of the fact that all the laborers make up a solitary settlement or a solid association, which is the key fixing to an organization, as though the heart is to the people. Without the heart, we are nothing and the equivalent goes for the work environment, no laborers implies no business. The whistle is additionally known to be uproarious. The initial nine lines are an extremely compelling piece of the sonnet as it lays everything out as well as depicts what the whistle is and what it precisely does. The artist has now chosen to start to portray where the laborers work. He does this by depicting a bit of hardware, â€Å"a titanous puff of steam rose from the mythical beast caught underneath iron, blocks and wood†. This statement is a case of representation on the grounds that the â€Å"dragon caught below† has been given a living trademark which is the winged serpent. The writer gives us a picture of fire by utilizing a mythical serpent, which is known to inhale fire. This picture likewise gives us that the working environment might be a production line or some likeness thereof. This picture of a winged serpent breathing out fire appear just as it would originate from a child’s perspective particularly on the grounds that the picture of a mythical beast is a fantasy. This nostalgic method of composing is viable in light of the fact that it puts a more clear picture of what precisely goes on and with this composing strategy, numerous scholars can make great semantic devises. The following couple of lines give us a more clear perspective on what the plant could be. I accept that the processing plant could be a logging plant, â€Å"the entire dark machine shivered: blue jays and red flying creatures wove light through leaves and something dead under the establishment carried worms to life†. The explanation I trust it could be a logging factory is that I get the impression from this statement that a tree is being pulled out of the dirt and worms are being presented to the outside world. I accept that the â€Å"whole dark machine† could be a bit of hardware, which is hauling the tree out of the ground. By doing this the natural life, for example, winged creatures, which live in the tree, have been startled by the unexpected development. The development of the tree has now presented the worms to daylight, which has additionally caused abrupt development. I accept this is the genuine significance, in any case, Yusef Komunyakaa could be suggesting something totalling extraordinary. The dark machine could be the whistle, which caused an uproarious vibration, which prompted the unexpected development of the flying creatures. This whistle has individuals working and awakening the foremen and businesses. Yusef Komunyakaa could likewise be inferring that the foremen are worms thinking about that they are white. Lines eighteen to twenty examine the story of the men showing up to work, â€Å"men topped their canteens, turned off Loretta Lynn, and slid from trucks and cars†. These lines are unambiguous and clear. These three lines permit us to mark the calendar the sonnet was written in. The writer referencing Loretta Lynn permits us to date the sonnet since we realize that she was a nation artist and she made a main hit in 1961. From this, we currently realize that the sonnet was likely composed during the 1960’s. The writer has now depicted progressively about what the laborers occupations comprise of and I accept that this gives more proof support my forecast of the production line being a logging factory, â€Å"the tear saws choked and swung out over logs on transport belts†. Here the artist has utilized embodiment to Describe the ripsaws. The word choked intends to choke or stifle. This gives us a picture of hostility, nonetheless, up until this purpose of the sonnet there has been no notice of savagery, this foretells something, which could conceivable happen later on in the sonnet. The gear which have been depicted are hard core hardware, by this we comprehend that the logging plant is a major manufacturing plant and this prompts the topic of, what number of laborers there are?

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 24th, 2019

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Bipolar Disorder The Most Serious Mood Disorders

â€Å"When you are mad, mad like this, you don t know it. Reality is what you see. When what you see shifts, departing from anyone else s reality, it s still reality to you† (Hornbacher, 2008). The purpose of this paper is to educate viewers on bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is one of the most serious mood disorders around because of the severe affects it has on a person’s mind, behavior, family and basic daily functioning. â€Å"Approximately 5.7 million† Americans have bipolar disorder (Bipolar Disorder Statistics - Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a manic-depressive illness that causes shifts in behaviors, mood, and energy which in turn then affect one’s social functioning. The term â€Å"ups and downs† is just a glimpse of what someone with bipolar disorder experiences. Basically, people with bipolar disorder experience tsunamis of emotions that bring them down so low they can become suicidal or bring them so high, they can act like the Tasmanian devil from looney tunes (to an extent). Bipolar disorder is divided into two categories – bipolar I and bipolar II. Bipolar I is a more severe than bipolar II. People with bipolar I experience mania accompanied with irritable mood. This type of mania or manic episode involves delusional thinking. The manic episode can only be diagnosed if it is accompanied with three or more symptoms on a daily basis for a minimum of one week. Usually, hospitalization is a necessary if the individual isn’t takingShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )847 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar Disorder† Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness, which involves hypomanic episodes, which are changes in someone’s usual mood. Originally, Bipolar Disorder was called manic depression because it does share similar symptoms with people diagnosed with depression. Bipolar Disorder is a severe condition because it can cause mania, which then causes hallucinations and paranoid rage. (Bipolar Disorder) Bipolar Disorder is classified into two categories, bipolar type 1 and bipolar type 2. BipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms943 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder is a severe mental illness that causes shifts in mood swings by being overly excited or overly depressed, and can have suicidal thoughts. â€Å"All people with bipolar disorder have manic episodes- abnormally elevated or irritable moods that last a week and impair functioning.† (htpp://www.apa.org, 2015) Bipolar disorder is a long-term illness, can be controlled with prescription medication and psychotherapy sessions. Bipolar disorders are broken down into many partsRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Mental Disorder1321 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is a very serious mental illness, that can have detrimental effects on a whole family. Bipolar disorder also known as â€Å"manic depression†, is a mental disorder that affects a person’s mood and general outlook on life like most other mental disorders. Bipolar disorder cannot be cured, but treatment can help improve the overall function of a person’s life. Bipolar disorder can affect peop le’s lives greatly. Bipolar disorder can affect a person’s relationship with others. People withRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1285 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder This paper will contain information on what bipolar disorder in early and late adolescence is, causes and symptoms, medical along with therapeutic interventions and how important it really is to get treatment. Bipolar disorder is a disease that affects approximately 2.6% Americans in the United States in a given year. There is limited data on the rate of bipolar in adolescents, although, it does tend to affect older teens more often and may be related to substance abuse. A lotRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Serious Mental Illness980 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder I decided to do my research paper on Bipolar Disorder. The reason I chose to do my paper on Bipolar disorder is because it is a serious mental illness. Those with bipolar disorder often describe their experience as an emotional roller coaster. Going up and down between strong emotions can keep a person from having anything approaching a normal life. The emotions of a persons’ behavior with bipolar disorder experience as beyond ones control. This condition is exhausting not only forRead MoreAlcoholism : A Common Co Occurring Disorder1628 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug in the United States. Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that results in failure to fulfill responsibilities at work, school, or home; drinking in dangerous situations; having recurring alcohol-related legal problems; and continued use despite having medical, social, family, or interpersonal problems caused by or worsened by drinking (APA, 1994). Approximately fourteen percent of people experience alcohol dependence at some pointRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Health1691 Words   |  7 Pagesaffected by bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is an illness that occurs with the brain and causes abnormal shifts in mood and energy. An individual with bipolar disorder will experience many ups and downs. These ups and downs are way different from the ups and downs an individual without the disorder will experience. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition and if not noticed, or treated properly, the ups and downs can become severe. Many individuals in United States, who have the bipolar disorder, don’tRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Early Onset Bipolar Disorder1742 Words   |  7 Pages Early-onset bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disturbance that causes dramatic shifts in one’s mood that is uncharacteristic of their normal mood and behavior. This hereditary behavioral disorder causes mood swings from extreme lows, depression, to extreme highs, mania. It usually occurs in mid- to late-adolescence but can appear as early as elementary school. The unique symptoms of this age group are angry and aggressive outbursts followed by periods of remorse and guilt, declining academic performanceRead MoreMental Illness, Schizophrenia, And Eating Disorders1380 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistic most often quoted is that one in four adults and one in five children will have a mental health disorder at some point in their lives. (What is Mental Illness? n.d.). The overall stigma that comes along with a mental disorder is still one of the biggest barriers that prevents those from obtaining treatment or retaining their treatment. â€Å"While there are over 200 classified for ms of mental illness, the five (5) major categories of mental illness are: Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, Schizophrenia/PsychoticRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Major Depression1358 Words   |  6 PagesMood disorders are characterized by unstable emotions, which are not always completely within the individual s control. Mood disorders are one of the most common categories of psychological disorders, and the two most common disorders within this category are bipolar disorder and major depression (also known as clinical depression). These disorders often require a patient to take medications to regulate their mood, which is often paired with psychotherapy or â€Å"talk therapy.† While they are common

Community Assessment York County, Pennsylvania - 1027 Words

Community Assessment – York County, Pennsylvania A major influence on health in a community is the availability of services and opportunities within the neighborhood. Public health can be further influenced by the social environments. Accessibility to health care along with education and employment opportunities are fundamental factors to be considered (Riegelman Kirkwood, 2015). These elements create both advantages and disadvantages for those living within the neighborhood. If we want to improve public health outcomes, we must consider and evaluate these along with many other contributing factors. Setting Description York County, Pennsylvania is an urban community which, according to the US Census, covers 904.18 square miles with an average of 481.1 persons per square mile (State and County QuickFacts). The county is made up of approximately 73 cities, townships, and boroughs ranging in size. York City is the largest population of 43935 while Yorkana borough is smallest with a population of only 229. There are two hospitals as well as several urgent care and outpatients healthcare facilities. Demographics The US Census estimates York County population at 440,755 (State and County QuickFacts). The bulk of the population, 56 percent, falls within the age range of 18-64. This closely corresponds with the state of Pennsylvania as well as the US statistics for the age of population. Additionally, only 15.9 percent of the county is over the age of 65. Furthermore,Show MoreRelatedCommunity Assessment Paper2199 Words   |  9 Pages Community Assessment: Reading, Pennsylvania Judith Giorgio Western Governor’s University Abstract This paper is an assessment of the city of Reading, Pennsylvania. It will describe the city with a focus on the population, economic situation, culture, neighborhood and safety factors. It will also look at what the city has in place in case of a disaster. From this data, I will interpret the overall status of the community and formulate a logical community diagnosis. Read More Positions of Blacks in the Civil War and Emancipation Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesby the northern culture and experienced their share of disparages. They were often regarded as an incompetent people and as such were frequently excluded from church memberships, street cars, theaters, and public buildings ranging from Ohio to New York. Nonetheless, there were some who were distinguished and extremely sophisticated while the average portion was quite logical and contained solid moralities. Although their lives were bounded by numerous discriminatory laws, generally, the classes ofRead MoreThe Phases Of Emergency Management1615 Words   |  7 Pagesphases of emergency management. These four phases are mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The first two deal with what can be done before a disaster happens. This report will be focusing on the response and recovery phases that a community will face during a disaster. Each phase of emergency management is important. Since this report is covering response and recovery they will be addressed. A response program is important to develop because this part deals with how prepared youRead MoreSexual Orientation Hiringi Discrimination Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesmale. The resume signaled sexual orientation by showing experience in a â€Å"gay community organization,† specifically by stating the subject served several semesters as a treasurer. This applies relevancy to a job application because it highlights organizational and financial skills. The â€Å"control group,† refers to a similar resume of a hypothesized heterosexual male that did not disclose group membership in a gay community organization. This resume also demonstrates intensive participation as a treasurerRead MoreKaiser Permanente : A Large Nonprofit Integrated Healthcare Plan1244 Words   |  5 PagesDoes Kaiser Permanente Address their Patients’ Needs? Kaiser Permanente addresses their patients’ needs by conducting a series of healthcare, to not just the sick, but also prevention care services. According to Implementation Strategy Report for Community Health Needs article Kaiser Permanente plans on addressing crucial health care concerns. For instance, here is a breakdown of such services they offer all across the nation: 1. Nutrition and physical activity related chronic disease a. Poor nutritionRead More organizational theory Essay2283 Words   |  10 Pagestaken by Elton Mayo , who made his own analysis of the Hawthorne experiments. He claimed that the problem of industrial societies acted as an imbalance between social and technical skills. â€Å"His analysis of the problems of industrial civilization and assessment of the human factor as nonlogical and emotional led him to view industry as a strategic integrating institution that could prevent social breakdown.† (Jaffe, 73) This would give management the responsibility of implementing communication and interactionRead MoreCongressional Representation : Richard F. Fenno Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesimperative aspects of engaging with constituents for relationship building and information gathering through the lenses of this book’s characters. The author differentiates the Congress members by assigning terms of endearment to each according to his assessment of their constituency styles - the â€Å"local boy†, â€Å"textbook representative, â€Å"promising legislator†, â€Å"moderate republican†, and the â€Å"liberal democrat†. The vivid descriptions of the author’s encounters draw the reader in, while each chapter analyzesRead MoreEssay about Juvenile Recidivism3185 Words   |  13 Pagesat a specific detention facility for example. The Cook County Board of Commissioners president, Toni Preckwinkle, is attempting to create an effective budget in order to save taxpayers money by reducing the populations of the countys Juvenile Temporary Detention Center. Preckwinkle acknowledges that detaining defendants in the jail while they await trial is very expensive for the county and is detrimental to our communities.† In Cook County it costs on average $600 a day per person to be detainedRead MoreThe National Crisis Of The United States2246 Words   |  9 PagesCharity schools provided education for poor families in the early 1800’s, and infant schools tried to rescue children from corrupt families. The Lancaster method emphasized hierarchy and efficiency, which represents public schools today. In 1834, Pennsylvania passed the Free School Law, which established an education system of common schools. Horace Mann, a common school reformer, promoted Native Protestant Ideology in the schools. Its purpose was to create well-behaved children, decrease crime, provideRead MoreEssay on Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice1997 Words   |  8 Pagesstatistic is that the same year almost half the other states used the VCO 250 times or less. Three states used the VCO more than 1,000 times. Kentucky’s overuse of detention orders at that time raised eyebrows in light of the cash for kid’s scandal in Pennsylvania. (Davis 2010) D.) Disproportional minority populations- Another disturbing trend is the disproportionate amount of youth of color and girls being institutionalized. This trend still continues today. Currently female offenders account for 14%

Case Studies †Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers Free Essays

Case Studies – Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers At Savvy B2B Marketing, we thrive on different perspectives and new ideas, which is why we are thrilled to welcome today’s guest blogger, Casey HIbbard, also known as the queen of case studies. In her blog – Stories that Sell – Casey shares success-story marketing best practices. More fantastic guests are planned for the weeks ahead, so stay tuned. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Studies – Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customer case studies are high-value, in-demand marketing and sales collateral. Marketing teams are tasked with producing powerful stories, yet it’s not always easy. Classroom I work with all types of marketers, from those new to case studies to seasoned veterans. The same questions come up again and again. Here are marketers’ top questions – and some answers – on creating and managing case studies: 1. How do we get customers to participate? Unfortunately, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. It comes down to finding the win-win opportunity with every customer that you want to feature. Brainstorm with internal colleagues close to the customer about possible motivators. Does the company want to tell a certain story right now? Does your individual contact want PR internally for bringing about successful outcomes? Then discuss your ideas candidly with the customer. From there, create a customized joint promotional plan or agreement that meets both your needs and the customer’s objectives. 2. How long does it take to produce a case study? The clock starts when you interview the customer. If everything goes relatively smoothly, an approximately two-page case study or success story takes about one month to complete, on average. If your contact is responsive and has the authority to approve your story, then the process can be done in a couple of weeks. But if multiple people are reviewing and approving it, it can take months, worst case. Always start well ahead of any trade shows or sales opportunities to ensure you get the story you need. 3. How do we get measurable results? To draw measurable results out of happy customers, you have to get very specific internally and with featured customers. Identify what metrics mean the most to your prospects, and areas where current customers typically see results. Craft interview questions accordingly, making sure to ask before-and-after questions (how much time did a process take compared to now? . Walk customers through each area of potential benefit because most haven’t stopped to quantify yet. Negotiate with customers on what metrics they are willing to share and how. You may have a specific way that you’d like to represent ROI, but your customer isn’t comfortable with that. Your customer might be more willing to talk in percentages or in factors of (twice as, one-th ird of†¦ ) instead of in dollar amounts. 4. How long should my case study or success story be? The length of your customer story depends on your audience and the point in the sales cycle. The goal: Answer the prospect’s questions and objections at the right time. As a general rule, business decision-makers prefer shorter overviews (1-2 page success stories) that focus on business results. And perhaps early on, technology decision-makers appreciate that briefer overview. But as they get further along in the evaluation process, IT people in particular, and sometimes department/division managers, want more details (case studies of 2+ pages) about factors such as implementation, customizability, ease of use/maintenance, functionality and support. Technology folks also tend to want more candid stories that include lessons learned. These are the questions I hear most. What are your top questions and challenges when it comes to case studies? About the author: Casey Hibbard is author of the book, â€Å"Stories That Sell: Turn Satisfied Customers into Your Most Powerful Sales ; Marketing Asset† and principal of Compelling Cases Inc. She also writes the Stories That Sell blog. How to cite Case Studies – Answers to the Questions B2B Marketing Managers, Papers

LVMH in Chinas Domestic Market

China is emerging as a very attractive international business destination. This situation arises from the growing middle class in the country. In the last two decades, economic growth in the country has spurred it into the limelight as a serious investment destination. Many companies manufacture their products in China because of the competitive labor costs in the country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on LVMH in China’s Domestic Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The manufacturing boom has contributed to the emergence of an economically empowered middle class. In the recent years, the portfolio of businesses setting up their operations in the country has expanded. The portfolio now includes businesses seeking to take advantage of the Chinese market in addition to its competitively priced labor. This explains the interest of LVMH in the Chinese market. LVMH is the holding company of several French luxu ry brands. The company is interested in establishing businesses in China to take advantage of its emerging luxury market. Any company that tries to enter into the Chinese market must take time to understand the operating environment in the country. The business culture in China is different from the business culture in the West. The Chinese people are historically frugal. Therefore, it is important to take time to understand their needs and expectations. However, the country’s emerging middle class has a lot in common with any middle class in the world. Therefore, the main issue that a company needs to explore before getting into China is the correct market entry strategy. This report examines the business environment for luxury products in China. It also looks at the internal characteristics of LVMH in order to prepare a strong market entry strategy for the company. Methodology The method used to meet the two broad objectives of the project was a literature review. Literatur e review is an acceptable form of research that makes it possible for researchers to evaluate a broad range of issues. The range of issues that required consideration in this case exceeded the number of issues that could be covered using empirical research. This reasoning informed the choice of the research method. In addition, the resources needed for an empirical research were not available. The second reason for choosing a literature review as the main research method was that a lot of research already existed in relation to the main issues defined in the research objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was unnecessary to carry out research into these issues from the scratch. The primary tools employed in the analysis of the data were the analytical instruments available to strategic planners. These tools include PESTLE Analysis, SWOT Analysis, and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. PESTLE Analysis of Competitive Landscape Strategic thinkers use a PESTLE Analysis to conduct environmental analysis as the basis for determining whether an organization has the capacity to interact favorably with its operating environment. A PESTLE Analysis involves an examination of the political, economic, social, and technological issues in a given location. In addition, strategic planners study the legal framework governing a business environment, coupled with the condition of the physical environment of the area being analyzed. Two issues characterize the political environment of China. First, the communist government is very keen on controlling the key sectors of the Chinese economy. For instance, the country does not have an exchange rate that rises and fall according to the forces of a free currency market alongside other international currencies. Instead, the government determines the exchange rate. This issue at times puts foreign companies at a disad vantage. The second issue affecting the Chinese political environment is that the country uses a communist system of government. In the recent years, the country has started conducting democratic elections at the local level. However, the communist superstructure still allows the central government to control all the political activities in the country. In this regard, regional party officials tend to exert a lot of influence in the conduct of business. On the economic front, China has experienced unprecedented growth in the last two decades. The country’s economy grew at almost ten percent per annum in the last ten years. This is the leading cause of the emergence of China as a significant market. Prior to the economic boom characterized by unprecedented growth in the manufacturing sector, China’s main attraction was its low cost labor.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on LVMH in China’s Domestic Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More International manufacturers set up shop in China to take advantage of its low labor costs. As more companies started manufacturing in China, the disposable income of the Chinese people grew. This turned the country into one of the largest markets in the world. Business is now shifting from manufacturing only, towards taking advantage of the growing market resulting from the emergence of the new middle class in China. The social situation in China varies depending on the parameters in use. One of the best-known Chinese policies is the one child policy, which prohibits couples from getting more than one child. This policy is also an illustration of the tight control the communist government exerts on the Chinese people. In the recent years, a lot of Western influence has crept into the Chinese social scene. For instance, China has become the one of the locations that directors from Hollywood plan to launch new blockbusters. The Western pop cu lture characterized by the idolization of media personalities is also taking root in China. From a business angle, it means that the Chinese consumers are developing a taste for the Western cultural experience. This is fuelling demand for Western products. This explains the popularity of Western brands such as Apple, and in the recent years, the proliferation of Western style eateries such as MacDonald’s fast food stores. The technological environment in China is very competitive. The Chinese have invested resources in manufacturing technologies turning it into what a commentator called, â€Å"the world’s workshop† . The dual investment by the Chinese government on high tech production facilities, and the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) from international investors trying to take advantage of the low labor costs in China, have made China a manufacturing and technology hub. However, Chinese manufacturers tend to pay little attention to quality control. Unlike Ja panese manufacturers who have a strong interest in efficiency through programs like Kaizen, the Chinese tend to compete on cost by making cheaper knock off items to sell them to the poorer masses.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The economy of China is difficult to analyze. The reason for this is that the Chinese government is the only body that releases economic data on China. The data at times seem unrealistic based on estimates made by other economists. In addition, much of the Chinese economy is state controlled. For this reason, it is better to develop a business strategy that takes into account these factors. In spite of this, there is consensus that the Chinese economy, together with Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa (BRICS), is growing very rapidly. The physical environment in China is a major concern to international environmental agencies. Chinese cities such as Beijing are becoming polluted and have artificial fog brought about by industrial emissions. The state pays some attention to environmental issues, but it prioritizes economic the well-being of the country over environmental conservation. Rivers and other natural features located in places with high population are becoming polluted. In the rural areas with smaller population densities, the environment is in good condition. In fact, China has some of the most spectacular sceneries such as rivers, waterfalls, mountains, and world life. These areas can serve as the inspiration for including environmental protection measures as part of the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) strategy when establishing a business in China. Hurdles and Obstacles Facing LVMH In order to discuss the hurdles and obstacles that LVMH will need to deal with before making a proper entry into the Chinese market, it is important to review the application of a SWOT Analysis because it is the most suitable tool for this purpose. Hurdles and obstacles to a business constitute the weaknesses and the threats a business must deal with in order to operate successfully in a specific market. Weakness and threats are two measures within SWOT that examine the difficulties associated with a business situation. Weaknesses are internal issues that bar the company from growing optimally. On the other hand, threats are external issues that the company does not control that can hamper its business objectives. LVMH, alongside other international brands trading in China have two main weaknesses. The first weakness is that the company has a wide portfolio in a very narrow segment of the Chinese market. Secondly, China is relatively new to luxury spending. Unlike Europe and America, many of the Chinese luxury spenders are people who have recently made money from the changing fortunes of the country. While the short-term outlook is impressive, the long-term performance of the Chinese luxury market is difficult to predict. If the country runs into any economic problem, the Chinese luxury spenders will revert to their old spending habits. In other words, the new middle class of China is still skilled in frugal living. Those skills will come into play as soon as there is an economic bump. The situation in the West is different because many luxury spenders grew up in affluent families. They do not know how else to live. If they cannot afford to drive an expensive car, they will look for one that is easier to maintain. In China, the luxury spenders can discard the car all together because they have lived most of their lives without it. The threats that accost LVMH in China are as follows. First, the brands produced by the company will suffer from threats associated with the counterfeiting of products . The results of counterfeiting include loss of revenue and loss of brand reputation. The counterfeit system in China is one of the most organized counterfeiting operations in the world. Chinese manufacturing capacity does not match its RD capabilities. Therefore, manufacturers choose to take shortcuts in order to make profits from popular brands. This situation is compounded by weak legislation on the issue. The Chinese government tends to protect the local industries whenever there is a conflict with international manufac turers. The problem with counterfeit products is that they usually do not meet the performance criteria of the original product. Their goal is to eat into the market of established brands. As a result, the products are cheaper to buy, but they are also of poorer quality. This damages the image of the brand. The second threat that LVMH will need to be aware of is that the patenting system in China is weaker than in most advanced economies. The Chinese government views patents as a bottleneck in its manufacturing sector. This makes getting patents very difficult in China. In addition, the enforcement of laws relating to patents is lackluster. In this sense, LVMH will be at the risk of losing its intellectual property rights to Chinese firms if the company does not take aggressive steps towards securing patents on all the products produced in China. The third threat that most international organizations face while operating in the Chinese market is political interference. Chinese polit icians are very powerful. They can frustrate the process of acquiring licenses, or the opening of new stores. In addition, they may make demands for kickbacks and bribes before giving approvals for various business initiatives. While China’s bribery index is not as bad as many other countries, it is still a reality that everyone who does business in China must deal with it very often. The challenge with this situation is that by towing the line, a company can lose its international reputation. On the other hand, refusing to comply with demands for kickbacks and bribes may lead to the frustration of the business by government and party officials. The third threat that LVMH needs to put into account is that it is not the only player eyeing the luxury market in China. The competition for the emerging luxury market in China is growing, from both international players and local manufacturers . The competition in the luxury market is becoming more intense with time. It is anticipat ed that luxury goods marketers will soon opt for â€Å"diffusion strategies† to create rapport with the younger generation as a form of initiation into the luxury brands . In conclusion, while China represents a significant opportunity for LVMH as a luxury products market, the company will face several stiff challenges over the coming years. Strategy Recommendations for LVMH In order to deal with the threats and weaknesses identified in the Chinese market, the company has several strategic options. This section examines the options available for use by the company in China based on PESTLE Analysis, and the examination of the weaknesses and threats the company will experience in the Chinese market. The main issues regarding the business environment in China include a powerful political system that carries a lot of influence in the business environment, and a people who are subservient to the system. There new wealth in China is leading to the emergence of a luxury goods market . The market is projected to grow in the coming years. The country has a very strong manufacturing sector, but the level of innovation is not commensurate with the manufacturing capacity leading to a culture of product counterfeiting. The economy of the country is centrally controlled. This makes it impossible to determine the actual price of goods and services based on an open market system. The company needs to use two sets of strategic guidelines to deal with the strategic issues arising from the analysis. These two sets are internal measures, and external measures. The internal measures LVMH needs to use include staffing, manufacturing decisions, choice of advertising strategy, and the choice of a distribution strategy. The choice of staff members to work in LVMH will have a significant impact on the operations of the company in China. The Chinese marketplace is very different from most Western markets. It is imperative to find people who are familiar with the system and can run a profitable enterprise. At the same time, the choice of staff must reflect the desire of the company to maintain its corporate culture within the Chinese environment. The best way to approach staffing is either to find Chinese nationals who have international business experience, or to find Westerners who have Chinese business experience. This issue can also be resolved by having a board and management team in China that includes local staff, and staff seconded by the headquarters. Secondly, the company needs to consider its manufacturing decisions carefully. China has the best economics when it comes to manufacturing. The cost of labor is relatively low, and the availability of manufacturers is high. Manufacturing in China will also reduce transport and warehousing costs for the company. The main threat associated with manufacturing in China includes the risk of losing proprietary information to local competitors, paving way for counterfeiting. There is also a threat associated w ith quality control, especially if the company employs local workers who have low regard for standardized production. On the other hand, manufacturing in Europe may prove unsustainable in the end in light of the fierce competition for luxury products shaping up in China. The best strategy in this case is to maintain the main manufacturing sites in Europe, and to use local manufacturing for generic parts such as packaging. This way, no one will be successful in counterfeiting the entire product. LVMH needs to be very careful as it develops its marketing strategy. The main issue of concern is the advertising mediums it will choose to market the products. As a young luxury market, China will not follow the same trends shown by countries with mature luxury markets. The purchasing decisions will not be identical to the buying decisions of customers in other luxury markets. LVMH needs to develop a marketing campaign that is relevant to the Chinese market to ensure that is gets a proper fo othold in the market. It needs to keep a keen eye on how consumer behavior changes when the economic conditions change. The fourth strategic issue that LVMH needs to address is the distribution strategy that it needs to be successful in the Chinese market. The decision between opening new stores and using established distribution networks is important. While LVMH already has over one hundred stores in China, it still needs to keep reviewing the performance of these stores against the market potential of its products. This decision will have an impact in the distribution of counterfeit products. A string of shops owned and operated by LVMH will ensure that customers are sure that they are buying original products. However, the cost of establishing and operating an exclusive store may hinder the growth of the company by constraining profits. At this point, an exclusive chain seems like the best option. In the future, the company will need to consider getting distribution partners to i ncrease its footprint in the Chinese luxury market. The external issues that the company needs to consider are the development of a PR strategy, and becoming part of the advocacy efforts to make intellectual property rights more respected in China. The need for a PR strategy as part of the company’s strategic plan comes from the realization that the company will run into certain problems with government officials at one point or another. It is important to declare and maintain a clear ethical line when dealing with officials. On the other hand, the issue of intellectual property rights in China is a common problem for all international firms that set up shop in China. Their combined voice will make it easier for the government to act on concerns relating to the breach of intellectual property rights. In the same breath, this will help to address the counterfeiting of products. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis The discussion in previous sections concentrated on the busines s environment and the strategic fit of LVMH in the Chinese market. There is a need to reexamine the competitive position of LVMH by using Porter’s Five Forces Analysis in order to develop further recommendations in line with the analysis. Porter (1998) identified five forces that define the competitive climate of any business. These forces are the buyer power, supplier power, threats of new entrants, threats of substitutes, and the degree of rivalry in the competitive marketplace . Buyer power refers to the control that the consumers of a product exert on the prices. In other words, it refers to the bargaining power of the consumers. This power can erode profits if the business has no way of dealing with it. In markets controlled by a monopsony, the purchasing power of the buyer can be very high. The situation in the Chinese luxury market is such that the demand for luxury goods does not give much bargaining power to the customers. In many cases, LVMH can set its prices as hi gh as it wants. Provided the price is within the reach of the intended market, the company can control the prices. The second force that needs consideration is supplier power. The power of suppliers can also squeeze margins if the company relies on a monopolistic supplier, or a cartel. This situation may also result if the country in which the business operates uses price controls. LVMH has very many suppliers located in various parts of the world. The only way the supplier power will increase to unmanageable levels is if the company decides to switch to local suppliers in China. In addition, the situation may change if the government institutes price controls or tax measures on inputs. Either way the price of inputs may rise. The third force identified by Porter (1998) is the threat posed by new entrants. The nature of this threat can be evaluated by considering the entry barriers in the industry. The luxury market tends to handle high quality materials and uses rare production pro cesses. In addition, it takes time to develop a reputation as a luxury brand. Most luxury brands use the duration they have served the markets as a means of gaining competitive advantage over younger players. In this sense, the barriers to entry in the luxury market are very steep. However, the Chinese market is very young. A company that has the resources to position itself as a luxury goods provider will receive the same attention as the older companies such as LVMH. Fourthly, the competitive climate of a business is determined by the threat posed by substitute products. Substitute products refer to items that can fulfill the same functions as the products marketed by a given company. The main threats from substitute products come from other international players in the Chinese luxury goods market. For instance, there is intense rivalry between Omega and LVMH in the Chinese market. Substitute products usually present more challenges if they have better prices for the same level of performance. The Chinese luxury market is still in the stage where many people are making the transition from a low-income culture to a high-income culture. These consumers have not yet developed strong brand loyalties. Therefore, within the same performance climate, these consumers make choices based on the cost tradeoffs. The fifth force that determines an organization’s competitive effectiveness is the degree of rivalry with other players in the industry. The degree of rivalry in the Chinese luxury market will increase as more players enter this market. The intensity of rivalry will also increase if the exit barriers in the industry are high. For instance if LVMH sets up production facilities in China, the company will find it difficult to leave China. Advantages and Disadvantages of Domestic Firms in the Sector The application of Porter’s Five Forces in the determination of the relative advantages and disadvantages of the domestic firms in the sector yielded the f ollowing results. The advantages that the local firms enjoy in relation to buyer power arise from their familiarity with the needs and the demands of the Chinese consumer. Local players in the luxury goods market know the tastes and preferences of the Chinese people. In addition, local firms have a working knowledge of the purchasing behavior of the Chinese people. They can assess their prices better based on this knowledge. The main disadvantage that local firms have when it comes to the buying power of consumers is that the Chinese people do not have the same amount of confidence in local firms to produce high quality luxury goods. On the question of supplier power, local players have the following advantages. First, the local players have greater knowledge of the sources of raw materials. Therefore, they can make buying decisions based on the market rates of the raw materials. This reduces the power of suppliers in their favor. On the other hand, the power of local players in bar gaining reduces the interest of local suppliers of raw materials to sell to them. There is little incentive to supply raw materials to a local firm that wants to negotiate prices downwards, compared to selling to a foreign owned firm that may buy the materials at a better price. The threat of new entrants is not very serious to local firms. There are few players in the luxury market of Chinese origin. The advantage that local firms derive from this position is that any new player that comes into the market cannot be a local player. This leaves the competitive advantage to the local firms because their only significant competition is from foreign firms. The associated disadvantage is that local firms have a harder time establishing themselves as producers of luxury brands. The threat of substitutes is a challenge to local firms. The reason for this is that the local people compare their products to a wide range of luxury products in the country. In this sense, the main challenge thes e products face is the threat of competing with products from foreign firms such as LVMH. Foreign luxury players seem to have a better reputation in the country because of the consistency in the quality of foreign products. On the other hand, local firms can adjust their offers to counter the prices of foreign firms based on their superior understanding of the local environment. Local firms deal with rivalry better than foreign firms do. The reason for this is that the local firms rely on their knowledge of the market to determine how to position their products. They are also flexible to changes because managers are in contact with the daily operations of the firms and they make decisions locally. However, the strength of foreign firms can overwhelm the local firms. This can happen if the foreign firms have the financial muscle to fight for market share and can leverage its competitive advantages. There is already a struggle for market share in the Chinese luxury goods market occasi oned by the entry of many foreign firms to the Chinese market. In conclusion, the main source of competitive advantage for local firms is their knowledge of local conditions, which include customer preferences and superior understanding of the supply chain. In addition, these firms are very flexible when it comes to making decisions to increase the profitability of their operations. These advantages are not impossible to surmount. Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Firms in the Sector The application of Porter’s Five Forces in the evaluation of the relative advantages and disadvantages of foreign firms yielded the following results. Buyer power works in the favor of foreign firms. The local market is relatively inexperienced when it comes to the pricing of luxury goods. In addition, foreign products feel authentic to the luxury market in China. Therefore, foreign firms can set higher prices for their products. The disadvantage associated with this is that a foreign firm can price itself out of the luxury goods market. It can set prices that are too high for a significant portion of the luxury goods market. Supplier power works to the advantage of foreign firms when it comes to availability, but it works against foreign firms when it comes to pricing. Local suppliers prefer to sell their products and services to foreign firms because they are usually ready to pay more for the same raw materials. However, this comes at a price. The local suppliers set their prices to foreign firms above the prevailing rates to take advantage of their demand. Suppliers enjoy a lot of power when dealing with foreign firms because foreign firms tend to lack full knowledge in regards to the availability of raw materials. The threat of new entrants is significant to foreign firms if the new entrant is another foreign firm. However, if the new firm is a local firm, the degree of the threat is lower. Foreign firms tend to rely on the same sources of competitive advantage co mpared to the local firms. Dealing with a new luxury market tends to push foreign firms to select similar strategies, which results in fierce competition for market share. On the other hand, local firms rely on their understanding of the market to gain market share. The threat of substitutes is also significant when pitting foreign firms against other foreign firms. If two foreign firms produce products that can substitute each other, they increase the options their customers have. In the process, these two products can become rivals in the market. Substitute products from local firms become a threat whenever the foreign firm prices itself out of the market. The local demand will move towards the substitute products that have the same performance characteristics as compared to the products produced by the foreign firm. The degree of rivalry in the marketplace usually works in favor of the foreign firms this advantage springs from stronger brands, and robust marketing efforts. Local firms are not big spenders on luxury advertising. At a certain level, all types of rivalry affect the businesses in the industry. Local firms cannot compete too well with international brands because of their brand recognition. Conclusion LVMH is in a good position to make money in China. However, the company needs to make several decisions regarding how it will establish itself as a player in the luxury goods market. The company must remain vigilant to changes in the economic fortunes of the country. The luxury goods market is still very young. This means that it is still very vulnerable to economic changes. Therefore, LVMH needs to plan in a way that it can maximize its short-term profits and position itself for survival in case the luxury markets shrinks On the issue of manufacturing, LVMH should organize itself in a way that makes it possible for it to take advantage of the low labor costs in China. At the same time, the company must ensure that none of its proprietary technolog ies falls in the hands of rivals. Finally, LVMH must take into account the management needs of its business in China. It should be careful when selecting the board of directors to run the Chinese division. It must find people who understand the Chinese market well. At the same time, it needs to ensure that the corporate culture of the company survives entry to the Chinese Market. Reference List Arnault, B 2012, LVMH Annual Report, LVMH, Paris. Atsmon, Y, Dixit, V, Leibowitz, G Wu, C 2011, ‘Understanding China’s Growing Love for Luxury’, McKinsey Consumer Shopper Insights, 15 January 2011, pp. 1-20. Chow, GC 2007, China’s Economic Transformation, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Dalic, T 2007, Globalisation of Marketing Strategies in Light of Segmentation and Cultural Diversity, GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt. GroupM Knowledge CIC 2011, The Voice of Luxury: Social Media and Luxury Brands in China, GroupM Knowledge, New York. Haddon, L 2004, Information and Commun ication Technologies in Everyday Life: A Concise Introduction and Research Guide, Berg, New York, NY. Koifman, T Baig, F 2012, WorldWatchReport 2012: China Overtakes, Omega Closes in on Rolex and Other Key Findings, WorldWatchWeb, London. KPMG 2007, Luxury Brands in China, KPMG, Hong kong. LRFC 2012, Revisiting the Luxury Market in China, Li Fung Research Centre, Beijing. Ãâ€"rge, Ãâ€" Kravets, O 2012, ‘Iconic Brands : A Socio-Material Story’, Journals of Material Culture, vol 15, no. 2, pp. 205-233. Porter, ME 1980, Competitive Advantage: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. Porter, ME 1998, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Simon and Schuster, New York. Robert, MG 2005, Contemporary Strategy Analysis, Wiley-Blackwell, Malden, MA. Sahaf, MA 2008, Strategic Marketing: Making Decisions For Strategic Advantage, PHI Learning Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. Volberda, HW, Morgan, RE, Reinmoeller, P , Hitt, MA, Ireland, DR Hoskisson, RE 2012, Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), Cengage Learning, Hampshire. Zhu, Z 2010, China’s New Diplomacy: Rationale, Strategies and Significance, Ashgate Publishing, Burlington, VT. This essay on LVMH in China’s Domestic Market was written and submitted by user Michaela Reeves to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Executive Orders Definition and Application

Executive Orders Definition and Application A presidential executive order (EO) is a directive issued to federal agencies, department heads, or other federal employees by the President of the United States under his statutory or constitutional powers. In many ways, presidential executive orders are similar to written orders, or instructions issued by the president of a corporation to its department heads or directors. Thirty days after being published in the Federal Register, executive orders take effect. While they do bypass the U.S. Congress and the standard legislative law making process, no part of an executive order may direct the agencies to conduct illegal or unconstitutional activities. Brief History or Executive Orders The first recognized executive order was issued by President George Washington on June 8, 1789, in the form of a letter to the heads of all federal departments instructing them to â€Å"impress me with a full, precise, and distinct general idea of the affairs of the United States.† Since then, all U.S. presidents, with the exception of William Henry Harrison have issued executive orders, ranging from presidents Adams, Madison and Monroe, who issued only one each, to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who issued 3,522 executive orders. The practice of numbering and officially documenting executive orders as such did not begin until 1907 when the Department of State instituted the present-day numbering system. Applying the system retroactively, the agency designated the â€Å"Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana,† issued by President Abraham Lincoln on October 20, 1862, as â€Å"United States Executive Order 1.† Perhaps the most impactful and certainly most famous executive order was the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, directing all agencies of the federal government to treat the 3.5 million African American slaves being held in the seceded Confederate states as free men and women.   Reasons for Issuing Executive Orders Presidents typically issue executive orders for one of these purposes:1. Operational management of the executive branch2. Operational management of federal agencies or officials3. To carry out statutory or constitutional presidential responsibilities Notable Executive Orders In 1970, President Richard Nixon used this executive order to establish a new federal agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, under the Department of Commerce.Shortly after the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, directing the internment of more than 120,000 Japanese-Americans, many of whom were U.S. citizens.In reaction to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush issued this executive order combining over 40 federal law enforcement agencies and creating the Cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security.As one of his first official actions, President Obama issued an executive order that some claimed allowed him to hide his personal records - like his birth certificate - from the public. In fact, the order had a very different goal. During his first 100 days in office, 45th President Donald Trump issued more executive orders than any other recent president. Many of President Trump’s early executive orders were intended to fulfill his campaign promises by undoing several policies of his predecessor President Obama. Among the most significant and controversial of these executive orders were: Executive Order Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActEO No. 13765 Signed: Jan. 20, 2017: The order reversed provisions of the Affordable Care Act - Obamacare - which he had promised to â€Å"repeal and replace† during the campaign.Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United StatesEO No. 13768 Signed Jan. 25, 2017: The order, intended to reduce illegal immigration, denied federal grant money to so-called sanctuary cities.Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United StatesEO No. 13769 signed Jan. 27, 2017: The order temporarily suspended immigration from the Muslim-majority countries of Syria, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Yemen, and Somalia Can Executive Orders be Overridden or Withdrawn? The president can amend or retract his or her own  executive order at any time. The president may also issue an executive order superseding or nullifying executive orders issued by former presidents. New incoming presidents may choose to retain the executive orders issued by their predecessors, replace them with new ones of their own, or revoke the old ones completely. In extreme cases, Congress may pass a law that alters an executive order, and they can be declared unconstitutional and vacated by the Supreme Court. Executive Orders vs. Proclamations Presidential proclamations differ from executive orders in that they are either ceremonial in nature or deal with issues of trade and may or may not carry legal effect. Executive orders have the legal effect of a law. Constitutional Authority for Executive Orders Article II, section 1 of the U.S. Constitution reads, in part, The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. And, Article II, section 3 asserts that  The President shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed... Since the Constitution does not specifically define executive power, critics of executive orders argue that these two passages do not imply constitutional authority. But, presidents of the United States since George Washington have argued that they do and have used them accordingly. Modern Use of Executive Orders Until World War I, executive orders were used for relatively minor, usually unnoticed acts of state. That trend changed drastically with the  passage of the War Powers Act of 1917. This act passed during WWI granted the president temporary powers to immediately enact laws regulating trade, economy, and other aspects of policy as they pertained to enemies of America. A key section of the War Powers act also contained language specifically excluding American citizens from its effects. The War Powers Act remained in effect and unchanged until 1933 when a freshly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt found America in the panic stage of the Great Depression. The first thing FDR did was to convene a special session of Congress where he introduced a bill amending the War Powers Act to remove the clause excluding American citizens from being bound by its effects. This would allow the president to declare national emergencies and unilaterally enact laws to deal with them. This massive amendment was approved by both houses of Congress in less than 40 minutes without debate. Hours later, FDR officially declared the depression a national emergency and started issuing a string of executive orders that effectively created and implemented his famed New Deal policy. While some of FDRs actions were, perhaps, constitutionally questionable, history now acknowledges them as having helped to avert the peoples growing panic and starting our economy on its way to recovery. Presidential Directives and Memorandums Same as Executive Orders Occasionally, presidents issue orders to executive branch agencies through presidential directives or presidential memorandums, instead of executive orders. In January 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a statement declaring presidential directives (memorandums) to have exactly the same effect as executive orders. A presidential directive has the same substantive legal effect as an executive order. It is the substance of the presidential action that is determinative, not the form of the document conveying that action, wrote acting U.S. Assistant Attorney General Randolph D. Moss. Both an executive order and a presidential directive remain effective upon a change in administration unless otherwise specified in the document, and both continue to be effective until subsequent presidential action is taken.

Best Crucible Act 1 Summary

Best Crucible Act 1 Summary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The first act of The Crucible sets the stage (literally, heh) for the disturbing sequence of events that will unfold in Acts 2, 3, and 4. Most of the major characters are introduced, and there are critical insights into various political and personal conflicts that threaten to disrupt the social order in the town of Salem. We also learn how the witchcraft craze got started and why it spiraled out of control. This article will go over the very important sequence of events and their thematic relevance so you can answer all the questions your English teacher throws at you. I'll provide both a short summary and a long summary. The short summary is just the bare bones of what happened without getting into too much detail about conversations that are less relevant to the central plot. It's more of a review to read after you've already gone through the play yourself. The long summary, which I'm choosing to call the "oops, I didn't read it" summary, is more in-depth. It goes through everything that occurs in Act 1 without getting too far into the weeds. Despite the title of the second summary, I urge you to actually read the play so you have a stronger understanding of the voices of the characters and the thematic points Miller is trying to make. Also, if you don't read it you'll miss out on some amazing stage directions that can be easily misinterpreted as giggle-worthy euphemisms if you're as immature as me and my fellow blog writers. The CrucibleAct 1 Summary - Short Version Ten-year-old Betty Parris has contracted a mysterious illness that renders her mute and bedridden. Her father, Reverend Samuel Parris, caught her dancing in the woods the night before with a group of girls. The group included his teenage niece, Abigail Williams, and his slave, Tituba. Rumors have spread around town that witchcraft is the cause of Betty’s illness, and people are now gathered at the Parris household. Parris questions Abigail about the rumors, but she claims the girls were just dancing. Ann Putnam says that her daughter, Ruth, who was with the group in the woods, is also afflicted with a strange illness. All of Ann’s children except Ruth have died as infants. Ann sent Ruth to Tituba in hopes that she would be able to communicate with her siblings and find out who or what was responsible for their deaths. To her uncle's dismay, Abigail admits that Tituba and Ruth were conjuring spirits in the woods. Abigail and two girls named Mercy Lewis and Mary Warren, who were also in the woods, are left alone with Betty. They try to wake her up as they get their story straight. Betty blurts out that Abigail drank chicken blood in an attempt to cast a spell that would kill Elizabeth Proctor, and Abigail warns her to keep quiet (or else). John Proctor enters the room, and Mercy and Mary leave Abigail alone with him. John and Abigail had an affair when Abigail worked as a servant in his house, and Abigail wants it to continue. John insists that he has recommitted himself to his wife, Elizabeth. Betty whimpers when she hears the Lord’s name in a psalm that people are singing outside the room. Everyone who is singing outside the room rushes in to check on her. Betty's distress is taken as additional evidence of witchcraft by Ann Putnam, and some of the others start to come around to this theory as well. An intellectual church leader named Reverend Hale arrives from the town of Beverly to investigate the situation and see if he can detect any signs of witchcraft. Abigail confesses that Tituba called the Devil after more details about the previous night are revealed. Tituba isn’t allowed to tell her side of the story (that Abigail was actually the instigator), and when she is threatened with hanging she confesses that she’s been forced to work for the Devil. She also names Sarah Good and Sarah Osburn as fellow witches after prompting by Parris and Hale. Abigail and Betty then admit their unwilling involvement in witchcraft and shout out the names of several other womenwho they claim to have seen with the Devil. I want YOU to join my plot to totally mess with a super lame town in Massachusetts. The CrucibleAct 1 Summary - â€Å"Oops I Didn’t Read It† Version Act 1 opens on a bedroom in Reverend Samuel Parris’ house in the spring of 1692.Parris’ daughter, 10-year-old Betty, is in a deep sleep as a result of an unknown illness, and Parris is kneeling in prayer next to her bed.A woman named Tituba is introduced as the Parris family's middle-aged slave from Barbados; she tries to check on Betty, but she is immediately ordered out of the room by Reverend Parris. Abigail Williams, Parris’ 17-year-old niece, enters the room.She tells him that Susanna Walcott is there with a message from the doctor.Susanna is a teenager a little younger than Abigail.She says that the doctor can't find anything physically wrong with Betty, and they should start to consider supernatural forces as a potential culprit.Parris is very concerned about damage to his reputation if witchcraft is discovered in his house. He urges Susanna to tell the doctor to continue looking for medical reasons for Betty’s condition. However, he has also summoned Reverend Hale from the neighboring town of Beverly to quietly investigate whether there is any truth to this supernatural hypothesis. Susanna leaves, and Abigail and Parris are alone with Betty.Abigail reveals that the rumor of witchcraft has already spread around town, and many people are gathered in the parlor of the house.Parris is reluctant to discredit these rumors because he fears they may be true.The previous night, he saw Abigail and Betty dancing in the forest with Tituba. He also saw a dress on the ground and a girl running naked through the woods. Abigail says that they were just dancing, but Parris knows that she’s not telling the whole truth.Parris demands to know whether witchcraft was involved. He thinks that his reputation is shaky in town and that there’s a group of people who would like to oust him from his position of power.He doesn’t want one of his enemies to find out what really happened before he does and use it against him.Abigail continues to insist that the girls were just dancing. Parris still doesn’t trust her, and he brings up another suspicious scenario.Abigail was dismissed from the household service of a man named John Proctor without explanation, and Proctor’s wife Elizabeth seems to strongly dislike her.Abigail says Elizabeth is just a big ol’ meany and she didn’t do anything to deserve this. At this point in the conversation, a tormented middle-aged woman named Ann Putnam enters the room along with her husband, Thomas Putnam.Ann’s only daughter, Ruth Putnam, is acting catatonic, and Ann thinks Betty is afflicted with the same apparently supernatural illness.Ann is a firm believer in witchcraft because seven of her babies have died in infancy, leaving her with only one living child. She sees no possible explanation for this that is not supernatural in nature. The Putnams are glad that Parris has summoned Reverend Hale to investigate the situation because Hale supposedly caught a witch in Beverley recently. Parris is still trying to shut down the witchcraft conversation because of the damage it might do to his reputation.Ann reveals to Parris that she actually sent Ruth to consult with Tituba the night before because Tituba can communicate with the dead.Ann wanted Ruth to talk to her dead siblings and find out who killed them.The Putnams say they are convinced that a baby-killing witch is running rampant.Abigail realizes that she can’t hide the truth completely now that Ann has revealed that she sent Ruth to Tituba to try and communicate with the dead.Abigail admits that Tituba and Ruth were conjuring spirits.Parris is convinced his livelihood is ruined now that someone who lives under his roof has been revealed to be a witch. ThomasPutnam tells Parris he should get ahead of the situation and make the witchcraft accusations himself so no one can accuse him first. A girl named Mercy Lewis, who is Putnam’s servant, arrives to check on how Betty is doing, and the Putnams and Parris leave so that Parris can lead everyone in a psalm.Abigail and Mercy are left alone, and they try to rouse Betty to no avail.The two girls decide their official story will be that they were just dancing, and there was no magic involved. Then, another teenage girl named Mary Warren enters the room.She was also with them in the forest the previous night, and she is convinced they must confess to what they’ve done because of the rumors swirling around. Suddenly, Betty gets a burst of energy.She reveals that Abby drank chicken blood in the forest in an attempt to cast a spell to kill Elizabeth Proctor.Abigail slaps her and tells everyone that they had better stay quiet about the details of what really happened. Abigail says that she's seen some stuff (i.e. her parents were murdered by Native Americans right in front of her), so she has no qualms about resorting to violence to force them to keep her secret. John Proctor, a farmer, then enters the room.He yells at Mary Warren, who is his servant, for leaving his house when he forbid her from doing so.Mary and Mercy both leave, and Abigail and John are left alone. Abigail and John had an affair that was discovered by his wife, which was the reason for her dismissal from their household. Abigail is still in love with Proctor, but he wants to distance himself from her and recommit to Elizabeth.Abigail is angry and frustrated that he won’t return her advances.She insults his wife and continues to insist that he still loves her. Their attention is diverted because Betty starts whimpering after the words â€Å"going up to Jesus† are uttered in the psalm people are singing in the other room. ReverendParris, the Putnams, and Mercy Lewis all rush in to check on her.Ann Putnam is convinced that they upset Betty by saying the Lord’s name and that her reaction clearly means that she is bewitched with black magic. Rebecca Nurse, and old and highly respected woman in Salem, enters the room along with an old man named Giles Corey.Rebecca stands calmly next to the bed,and Betty quiets down.Everyone is impressed with this, and the Putnams ask if Rebecca can also help Ruth, but Rebecca doesn't think there's anything supernatural going on. Betty is just acting up as kids are prone to do. John Proctor questions Reverend Parris on his decision to summon Reverend Hale. This action seems to imply that Parris believes witchcraft could be the source of Betty’s illness.Rebecca suggests that they should rely on the doctor and avoiding bringing Reverend Hale into the situation because it will cause unnecessary conflict.Thomas Putnam takes issue with this, and he tells Parris that when Reverend Hale arrives they must look for signs of witchcraft. Proctor says Putnam can’t tell Parris what to do just because Putnam owns a lot of land in the town.Putnam fires back that he hasn’t seen Proctor in church recently, so he clearly doesn’t care that much about upholding the integrity of their society.Proctor claims he doesn’t go to church because all Parris talks about is Hell.Parris says that a lot of people in Salem need to hear more about Hell because he hasn’t been properly compensated for his job based on his qualifications.He then implies that Proctor is the leader of a faction against him in the church.Proctor is unaware of the existence of this faction, but he says he would gladly join it because he’s fed up with Parris’ superiority complex. He expects Giles Corey to be on his side, but Giles unexpectedly suports Parris because he thinks there may be something to the witchcraft hypothesis.Giles has been in court six times that year for various lawsuits. He says that everyone has been suing each otherleft and right, so there must be some sort of dark magic going on behind the scenes.Proctor points out that Giles is the cause of many of these suits because he is always suing people for defamation for no reason. Proctor and Putnam argue briefly about who owns a certain tract of land near the woods where Proctor plans on gathering lumber.It turns out that there is a lot of ambiguity in Salem over who owns which tracts of land because in his will Putnam’s grandfather claimed land that he didn’t actually own. Reverend Hale enters the room with a stack of academic books.He speaks briefly with everyone, and it’s clear that he’s well-respected. Hale views the investigation of witchcraft as serious scientific inquiry.He makes everyone agree not to push the issue if he doesn’t find anything pointing to the Devil’s work.He brought the books because they explain all the different forms the Devil can take. With this information on hand, he's sure that he can find out whether Betty's illness is linked to the work of Satan. Rebecca Nurse is skeptical of the whole situation, and she leaves the room before Hale begins his investigation.Giles tries to consult Hale about his wife, Martha, who he says has been reading strange books.He is worried that this might signify something sinister because he was unable to say his prayers while she was reading.Hale is somewhat intrigued and says they can discuss the issue later. Hale addresses Betty, asking her if someone is bewitching her. Betty does not respond to his questions at first.Abigail is pressed with more questions about what exactly was going on in the woods.Parris says that when he came upon the girls, he saw that they had a kettle with a frog in it.Faced with this damning evidence of black magic, Abigail admits that Tituba called the Devil.Tituba is dragged into the room to face these charges.Immediately, Abigail places all the blame on her, claiming that Tituba made her drink chicken blood from the kettle.Tituba protests that Abigail was the one who instigated the meeting in the woods, but she is drowned out by further accusations from Abigail.Parris and Hale also talk over her attempts to explain herself. Parris says Tituba must confess to what she’s done or he will whip her to death, and Putnam says she must be hung.Tituba is terrified, so she breaks down and says the Devil forced her to work for him.She claims someone else is bewitching Betty because she’s seen other people with the Devil.Putnam, Parris, and Hale encourage her to tell them who she has seen (and plant the names of Goody Good and Goody Osburn in her mind as potential witches).They claim that after renouncing her allegiance to the Devil, she is now God’s instrument in the village sent to help them uncover the full extent of his Satanic plot. Tituba says the Devil told her to kill Reverend Parris, and he promised her a better life if she worked for him.She claims that she saw Goody Good (Sarah Good) and Goody Osburn (Sarah Osburn) with the Devil.Goody Osburn was Ann Putnam’s midwife three times, so this accusation confirms the Putnams' suspicions that witchcraft was involved in the deaths of their babies.Abigail soon chimes in with her own hysterical set of confessions, claiming thatshe saw the Devil and wrote in his book.Abigail adds more people to the list of the accused.Betty suddenly wakes up and joins her in shouting out additional accusations.Hale and Parris rejoice at Betty's apparent miraculous recovery.Putnam summons the marshal so that they can arrest the witches and bring them to justice. The Devil apparently has some kind of special friendship book that he makes people sign when they join his crew. Adorable. The CrucibleAct 1 Quotes In this section, I'll go over a few quotes that I think are important in establishing the themes and characterizations that emerge in Act 1. â€Å"I have fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me, and now, just now when some good respect is rising for me in the parish, you compromise my very character.† (Reverend Parris pg. ) This quote shows the gravity with which Parris views his position in the town and the degree of authority he thinks should accompany it.He’s less focused on spreading the word of God than on exploiting his position as a religious authority so he can gain greater power in the community. Now his reputation may be ruined, which means he’ll be back to square one and have to rebuild the control he has worked so hard to acquire. â€Å"My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is soiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar!† (Abigail Williams pg. 12) The value of a person's name is a recurring topic in The Crucible. Reputation is hugely important to these characters because it’s inextricably linked to respect and power in a highly interdependent community. Here Abigail shifts the focus away from her own reputation by trashing the reputation of Goody Proctor.If she can convince people that Goody Proctor is not to be trusted, the rumors about her own sins will lose credibility. â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you. And you know I can do it; I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down!† (Abigail Williams pg. 19) Abigail threatens the other girls with violence if they dare tell anyone that she tried to kill Goody Proctor with black magic. This quote tells us that Abigail has experienced severe emotional trauma in the past that almost certainly affects her current mental state.It also gives us a taste of how far she’s willing to go to achieve her desired outcome and/or exact revenge. â€Å"I look for John Proctor who took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! I never knew what pretense Salem was, I never knew what lying lessons I was taught by all these Christian women and their covenanted men! And now you bid me tear the light out of my eyes?† (Abigail Williams pg. 22) Abigail pleads with John Proctor to continue their affair, which she feels has enlightened her to the hypocrisy that permeates Salem’s culture.She can’t go back to her ignorant state after she’s already seen the light, and the affair is the only outlet available to her to feel special and different within a community where she has little power or outlets for honest expression.After John's rejection, her angst will find another, even more destructive path to follow. â€Å"There are wheels within wheels in the village, and fires within fires!† (Ann Putnam pg. 26) Ann Putnam says this because she’s convinced that there are supernatural Satanic forces conspiring against her that have led to her family misfortunes.However, this quote has a much broader secular meaning that applies to the events in the play overall.There are all kinds of underlying motivations that trigger accusations of witchcraft in Salem.Petty vengeance, greed, and jealousy are festering beneath the surface of an outwardly respectable community, and they’re about to find their release. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her.† (Reverend Hale pg. 35) From our modern viewpoint, this quote is a very strong example of irony. Bysearching for marks of the Devil’s presence in the first place, Hale has already subscribed to superstition.People are also condemned throughout the rest of the play for involvement with the Devil when there’s absolutely no hard evidence besides the word of one other person.Hale's adherence to scientific principles will give him just enough insight to see the injustices that have been committed in Salem after it's too late for him to turn back the tide of hysteria. I'm not sure what Hale expected to find. A pentagram ankle tattoo? A little souvenir pitchfork? A button that says "Satan 4 Prez"? Eh, I guess there are a lot of possibilities. The CrucibleAct 1 Thematic Analysis Let's go over some of the play's key themes and how they relate to the first act. Irony Irony and hypocrisy are recurring concepts in The Crucible. There are several exchanges in Act 1 that are rife with irony. Abigail claims that John Proctor opened her eyes to the pretenses of Salem (pg. 22). She realized all the lies she’d been told by people who supposedly adhered to the conventions of respectable society.However, in distress from Proctor’s refusal to acknowledge their relationship, Abigail creates her own lies that give her increased control over the society she resents.By putting on a false front to advance her status and get what she wants, she becomes just like the hypocrites she claims to despise. The most prominent example of dramatic irony in this act is the quote from Hale (pg. 35) that was explained in the last section. Hale claims that they must avoid superstition and hasty conclusions in their investigation of Betty’s affliction. We, the modern audience, know that searching for "the Devil's marks" as the potential cause of an ailment is an inherently superstitious practice. Hale, however, is convinced that a scientific inquiry based only on facts and reality can be conducted to detect a supernatural presence. Hysteria In Act 1 it becomes clear how mass hysteria can evolve out of desires for self-preservation. When Abigail admits that Ruth and Tituba were conjuring spirits, Thomas Putnam urges Parris to go on the offensive immediately with this information. If he makes his own accusations of witchcraft, he will prevent others from accusing him first and putting his credibility at stake. As rumors of witchcraft spread, this fear-driven philosophy will be universally adopted, leading to more and more accusations and an environment of paranoia. The speed at which rumors morph into accepted truths is too rapid for a few rational voices to contain them. Although Parris only calls Reverend Hale to examine Betty as a precaution, people assume that Hale’s involvement means there must be a supernatural element to her illness.Even as Parris tries to avoid supernatural explanations to protect his reputation, he is quickly caught up in the misplaced interpretations of others and forced to adopt them as his own so that he isn't gobbledup by the hysteria monster. It becomes abundantly clear that people see only what they want to see (i.e. whatever keeps them in the good graces of society) in situations that don't appear to have easy rational explanations. Ann Putnam, for example, will seize at any opportunity to blame supernatural forces for the deaths of her children.Extreme conclusions like Ann's "a witch murdered my babies with black magic" are accepted because rational people are too afraid to challenge this consensus and risk bringing accusations upon themselves. Reputation Reverend Parris' concerns about his reputation take center stage, so to speak, in Act 1. Parris initially insists that there are â€Å"no unnatural causes† for Betty’s illness, not because he’s devoted to science and rationality, but because he fears that he will be disgraced if witchcraft is discovered under his roof.He interrogates Abigail because he’s worried his enemies will learn the full story first and use it to discredit him. Once he gets confirmation from Abigail that some witchy business happened in the woods, he is quick to position himself on the side of the accusers and threaten violence on Tituba if she doesn't confess (pg. 42). He has no central belief system beyond a desire to do what makes him look best in the eyes of the majority. Abigail is also concerned about her reputation. She is enraged when Parris insinuates that there was something untoward about her dismissal from the Proctors’ service.She insists that she has done nothing wrong and tries to discredit Elizabeth Proctor to divert attention away from her own actions. "My name is good in the village! I will not have it said my name is soiled! Goody Proctor is a gossiping liar!" (pg. 12). These actions and reactions in Act 1 establish the importance that characters place on maintaining respect for their names. A poor reputation can severely affect a person’s position in this small, interdependent society, whether the assumptions or rumors swirling around are true or not. Power and Authority The church has a great deal of power in Salem, and therefore much of the authority we see exercised in the play is associated with religion. Reverend Parris is currently in a position of power as the town's spiritual leader. However, he is convinced there is a faction in town that is determined to unseat him, and he will say and do whatever it takes to retain control.He demands unconditional respect for his authority as God’s instrument in the community. From his point of view,"There is either obedience or the church will burn like Hell is burning!" (pg. 28) Abigail, on the other hand, struggles to claim greater agency outside of traditional means. Her dominant personality doesn't fit with her low status in society as a young woman with no family. Initially, she sees a path to higher standing in society through becoming John Proctor’s wife. When he rejects her, she takes another route to power through accusations that exploit the fears of others to a point where even the most respected people in town are afraid to challenge her. The power structure in Salem is also responsible for the blame heaped on Tituba and the misinterpretations that follow.Tituba has the least authority out of anyone, so it’s easy for Abigail to use her as a scapegoat. IfTituba was permitted to explain what really happened, the tragic events of the rest of the play might have been prevented. However, she is only given a voice when she agrees to corroborate the version of events that the people in traditional positions of authority believe to be accurate.She becomes, according to Hale, "God's instrument put in our hands to discover the Devil's agents among us" (pg. 44) after she renounces her presumed allegiance to the Devil and accepts her role as a pawn to be used by those with greater power. As has been the case throughout history in both fiction and reality, the desire for power ends up costing way too many innocent people their lives. The Crucible Act 1 Summary:Conclusion In Act 1 of The Crucible, the roots of the witch hysteria are established, and we learn critical background information about many of the characters. Let's do a super short bullet point recap of the important plot points: The play is set in the town of Salem, MA, and the year is 1692. Betty Parris, a young girl, is sick, but no one can figure out why. Rumors spread around town that she's been bewitched. Betty's dad is Reverend Parris, the new-ish church leader in Salem, who is paranoid about his reputation amongst the townspeople. Abigail Williams, Reverend Parris' teenage niece and Betty's cousin, is questioned by Parris about the cause of Betty's illness. He knows that Abigail, Betty, and Parris' slave, Tituba, were dancing in the woods the night before and perhaps conducting some kind of ritual. Abigail claims there was no witchcraft involved. Abigail had an affair with a farmer named John Proctor while serving in his house, and she's still into him, but he wants to forget it ever happened. Betty says that Abigail tried to put a curse on John's wife, Elizabeth Proctor, in order to kill her and take her place, but no one else knows about this, and Abigail warns her to keep quiet. Reverend Hale, the church leader from the town of Beverley, is summoned to examine Betty because he's an expert on witchcraft. Tituba is accused of calling the Devil in the woods based on Abigail's testimony, and she confesses under pressure from Hale. Tituba names Goody Good and Goody Osburn as fellow witches after their names are suggested. Abigail plays the victim and accuses more women of witchcraft. Betty wakes up and makes accusations of her own, following Abigail's lead. In Act 2, you can look forward to learning more about the state of the Proctors' marriage and just how crazy things have gotten in Salem in the weeks after the initial accusations. Also, John Proctor throws a few more tantrums borne of emotional immaturity, so get PUMPED. What's Next? If you want a complete summary of the whole play rather than just one act, we've got you covered. Check out our holistic summary article to review what happens from start to finish. Looking for some in-depth analysis of characters in The Crucible? Read our complete assessments of John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey, and Mary Warren. If you want some advice on understanding the ideas behind the play so you can write a killer essay or ace your next test, read our guide to the most important themes in The Crucible. 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